DIY electrical equipment. Do-it-yourself radio amateur circuits and homemade products. So, the external components of the scales include
Since you have decided to become a self-taught electrician, then surely after a short period of time you will want to make some useful electrical appliance for your home, car or summer cottage with your own hands. At the same time, homemade products can be useful not only in everyday life, but also made for sale, for example,. In fact, the process of assembling simple devices at home is not difficult. You just need to be able to read the diagrams and use the tool for radio amateurs.
As for the first point, before you start making electronic homemade products with your own hands, you need to learn how to read electrical circuits. In this case, ours will be a good helper.
From tools for novice electricians, a soldering iron, a set of screwdrivers, pliers and a multimeter will come in handy. Some popular electrical appliances may even require a welding machine to assemble, but this is a rare case. By the way, in this section of the site we even talked about the same welding machine.
Special attention should be paid to the materials at hand, from which every newbie electrician can make elementary electronic homemade products with his own hands. Most often, old domestic parts are used in the manufacture of simple and useful electrical appliances: transformers, amplifiers, wires, etc. In most cases, it is enough for novice radio amateurs and electricians to look for all the necessary tools in the garage or shed in the country.
When everything is ready - the tools are assembled, the spare parts are found and the minimum knowledge is obtained, you can proceed to the assembly of amateur electronic homemade products at home. This is where our small guide will help you. Each provided instruction includes not only a detailed description of each of the stages of creating electrical appliances, but is also accompanied by photo examples, diagrams, as well as video lessons that clearly show the entire manufacturing process. If you do not understand at some point, then you can clarify it under the entry in the comments. Our experts will try to advise you in a timely manner!
Every day it becomes more and more, there are many new articles, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately navigate and revise everything that has already been written and previously posted at a time.
I would very much like to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order not to have to search for the necessary information for a long time, I will make several "entrance pages" with links to the most interesting and useful articles on specific topics.
Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products". Simple electronic circuits that are available for implementation by people of all skill levels are considered here. The circuits are built using a modern electronic base.
All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and in the amount necessary for practical work. Naturally, to implement such schemes, you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.
So, a selection of the most interesting articles on the site "Useful electronic homemade products"... The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.
The modern element base of electronics greatly simplifies the circuitry. Even an ordinary twilight switch can now be assembled from just three parts.
The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control scheme. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water rise and drainage.
The article contains several schemes of devices for spot welding.
With the help of the described structure, it is possible to determine whether or not a mechanism located in another room or building is working. The vibration of the mechanism itself is information about the work.
A story about what a safety transformer is, what it is for and how you can make it yourself.
Description of a simple device that disconnects the load if the mains voltage goes out of range.
The article describes a circuit of a simple thermostat using an adjustable zener diode TL431.
An article on how to make a device for smoothly switching on lamps using the KR1182PM1 microcircuit.
Sometimes, with reduced voltage in the network or soldering of massive parts, it becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a step-up power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.
An article about how you can replace the mechanical thermostat of an oil heating radiator.
Description of a simple and reliable thermostat circuit for a heating system.
The article gives a description of the converter circuit, made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing to obtain significant power in the load.
An article about various ways to connect a load to a control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.
Description of a simple control circuit for LED garlands.
The design of a simple timer that allows you to turn on and off the load at specified time intervals. The working time and the pause time do not depend on each other.
Description of the circuit and principle of operation of a simple emergency luminaire based on an energy-saving lamp.
A detailed story about the popular "laser-ironing" technology for manufacturing printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.
Homemade measuring instrument circuits
The circuit of the device, developed on the basis of a classic multivibrator, but instead of load resistors, transistors with opposite main conductivity are included in the collector circuits of the multivibrator.
It's good if you have an oscilloscope in your lab. Well, if it is not there and it is not possible to buy it for one reason or another, do not be upset. In most cases, it can be successfully replaced by a logic probe, which allows you to check the logic levels of signals at the inputs and outputs of digital integrated circuits, determine the presence of pulses in the controlled circuit and reflect the information received in visual (light-color or digital) or audio (tones of various frequencies ) forms. When establishing and repairing structures on digital integrated circuits, it is far from always so necessary to know the characteristics of the pulses or the exact values of voltage levels. Therefore, logic probes make the setup process easier, even if you have an oscilloscope.
A huge selection of different pulse generator circuits is presented. Some of them form a single pulse at the output, the duration of which does not depend on the duration of the triggering (input) pulse. Such generators are used for a wide variety of purposes: simulating input signals of digital devices, when checking the performance of digital integrated circuits, the need to supply a certain number of pulses to a device with visual control of processes, etc. Others generate sawtooth and rectangular pulses of various frequencies, duty cycles and amplitudes
The repair of various nodes and devices of low-frequency electronic equipment and equipment can be greatly simplified if you use a functional generator as an assistant, which makes it possible to study the amplitude-frequency characteristics of any low-frequency device, transient processes and nonlinear characteristics of any analog devices, and also has the ability to generate rectangular pulses form and simplify the process of setting up digital circuits.
When setting up digital devices, you definitely need one more device - a pulse generator. An industrial generator is a rather expensive device and is rarely on sale, but its analog, albeit not so accurate and stable, can be assembled from available radioelements at home
However, the creation of a sound generator that generates a sinusoidal signal is not easy and rather painstaking, especially in terms of adjustment. The fact is that any generator contains at least two elements: an amplifier and a frequency-dependent circuit that determines the oscillation frequency. It is usually connected between the output and the input of the amplifier, creating positive feedback (PIC). In the case of an RF generator, everything is simple - an amplifier based on one transistor and an oscillatory circuit that determines the frequency is enough. For the audio frequency range, winding the coil is difficult, and its quality factor turns out to be low. Therefore, in the range of audio frequencies, RC elements are used - resistors and capacitors. They filter the fundamental harmonic of the oscillations rather poorly, and therefore the sinusoidal signal turns out to be distorted, for example, limited by the peaks. To eliminate distortion, amplitude stabilization circuits are used, which maintain a low level of the generated signal when the distortion is still invisible. It is the creation of a good stabilizing circuit that does not distort the sinusoidal signal that causes the main difficulties.
Often, having assembled the structure, the radio amateur sees that the device is not working. After all, a person does not have sense organs that allow one to see an electric current, an electromagnetic field or the processes taking place in electronic circuits. Radio measuring devices help to do this - the eyes and ears of the radio amateur.
Therefore, we need some means of testing and checking telephones and loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, various sound recording and sound reproducing devices. Such a tool is an amateur radio circuit for audio frequency signal generators, or, more simply, a sound generator. Traditionally, it generates a continuous sinusoidal signal, the frequency and amplitude of which can be changed. This allows you to check all the ULF cascades, find faults, determine the gain, take the amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) and much more.
Considered a simple amateur radio homemade attachment that turns your multimeter into a universal device for checking zener diodes and dinistors. PCB drawings available
Many electrical appliances can be repaired or new ones made by hand. For this house, there is always something that can be remade to perform new functions: an old electronic clock, a children's car, a disused computer, and much more. Useful crafts can always be repaired or redone. For work, it is better to have a workshop with tools.
Equipped Master's Home Workshop
Power Supply
Self-made electronic devices need power supply of different voltages. In particular, soldering requires a regulated power supply. Such an opportunity can be provided by the LM-317 microcircuit, which is a voltage stabilizer.
Regulated power supply circuit
Devices based on this circuit allow you to change the output voltage in the range of 1.2-30 V, using a variable resistor P1. The permissible current is 1.5 A, the power of the device depends on the choice of the transformer.
Adjustment of the voltmeter is carried out with a trimmer resistor P2. To do this, set the current to 1 mA at the output voltage of the circuit 30 V.
The more power is released on the microcircuit, the greater the difference between the input and output signals. To reduce heating, it requires a radiator with a cooler.
A homemade board with an LM-317 microcircuit fits into a case - a computer's power supply. A voltmeter and clamps to the output wires are installed on the front panel made of PCB.
Simple auto test
A probe for cars and other purposes should always be at hand at home, in the garage or on the road. The figure below shows a homemade scheme that allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kΩ and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V.
The two indication circuits are connected in series with the battery and parallel to each other. The first consists of a resistor R1 and an LED HL1, which glows when the voltage is checked. The battery is being recharged at the same time.
Scheme and design: a) homemade circuit, which allows you to check electrical circuits with a resistance of up to 10 kOhm and the presence of a voltage of 6-15 V; b) self-made design of the auto-sampler
When the circuit is tested, current flows from the battery through the HL2, R2 circuit. The HL2 LED is on. Its brightness will be the greater, the lower the resistance of the circuit.
Like all homemade products, the probe can be constructively made in different ways, for example, by placing it in a transparent plastic case, which is easy to glue with your own hands.
Such devices are indispensable when repairing an electrical network or household appliance at home. Crafts can be more complex and have additional functions.
Electric appliances for heat-treating meat products without the use of fuel are made in small quantities and can be used at home or in the country. To prepare a barbecue, using an electric barbecue grill, there is no need to spend expensive hours of rest, standing on the street by the barbecue.
In specialized stores, you can choose any device, but a lot is decided by the price. If you have the skills to handle electricity, it will be much cheaper to make an electric BBQ grill with your own hands.
Structures are made in horizontal or vertical design. The power of the device usually does not exceed 1.5 kW. The meat is heated using a spiral with a tungsten or nichrome filament. All metal parts are made of stainless steel.
Typical devices are vertical heaters in the center and skewers with food around. They are attached from above. It is advisable to make the skewers in the form of spirals, from which the meat does not slide down during the cooking process.
Type of vertical BBQ grill
For high-quality cooking of a kebab maker with your own hands, the skewer should be placed as close to the heater as possible, but so that the product does not touch the spiral. When placed at a distance, the meat will not roast but dry.
Pieces of the product, no more than 40 mm in size, are placed on a skewer, which is placed vertically around the heater. Then the electricity is turned on and the spiral is heated.
The heater is based on a heat-resistant ceramic tube with a coil wound around it. Mounting at the bottom is done with a special chuck.
In the round base there are special cups for collecting fat and a frame that serves to hold the skewers upright.
Cups are made of stainless steel. At the bottom, they have cruciform protrusions that are inserted into the slots of the base. Inside they are equipped with devices for attaching skewers. Fixing the cup on both sides allows them to hold the skewers upright.
The connection must be strong and at the same time easy to disassemble for cleaning. A common removable tray can be made for all skewers.
The cross-sectional lead wire is selected for the power of the heater (2.5 or 4 mm 2). At home or in the country, there must be a 16 A socket for him.
Timer for watering plants
Devices with timers are used for drip irrigation of a site from a container at a certain time. They can be connected to valves of any capacity.
Often branded devices do not provide the required reliability. Then an old wall clock comes to the rescue, which is in good working order, but is no longer used at home. Small magnets are attached to the ends of the minute and hour hands, and 3 reed switches are attached to the dial.
Scheme of a timer for watering plants in which a wall clock is applied
As soon as the hour hand reaches the number 7, and the minute hand reaches 12, which corresponds to the time of 7 o'clock, the reed switches SA1 and SA3 are triggered and the signal opens the solenoid valve. After 2 hours, the arrows will move to 9 and 12, and the current through the contacts of the reed switches SA1 and SA2 will be supplied to close the valve.
The diagram shows a "rain sensor", which in wet weather closes the transistor VT1 and the valve remains constantly closed. It is also provided for manual control of the solenoid valve via buttons S1 and S2.
You can set the clock for any time the valve is turned on.
Car with remote control
Homemade radio-controlled models capture not only children, but also adults. They can be used to play at home or arrange real competitions in the yard. For DIY assembly, you need a chassis with wheels, an electric motor and a body.
There is a large assortment on sale, but first of all you need to decide which machine is better to make. The control panel can be wired or radio-controlled.
When choosing parts, you should pay attention to their quality. The plastic should be free of jags, inclusions and other mechanical defects. Wheels are sold with a chassis and should turn easily. Grip is better provided by rubber. Plastic wheels are much worse in this regard.
It is better for a beginner to take an electric motor, which is cheaper and easier to maintain than an internal combustion engine. You can choose any body or make according to your own sketch.
The motor, battery and radio unit with antenna are installed on the mini-car chassis. If a kit is purchased with accessories, assembly instructions are attached to it.
After installing the parts, the operation of the motor is regulated. The case is installed on the chassis after everything is working.
Assembling mini-copies can be done at home as follows:
- the car is assembled carefully and with common efforts;
- the materials of the model parts may differ from the original;
- small and insignificant details can be omitted.
The model can be made without looping on a certain car brand. Much depends on finances and free time. Assembling a mini-car at home with your child is of great educational value.
The work on assembling the car model is carried out according to the plan. Some parts need to be purchased, but old toys can be used.
The motor must be as powerful as the weight of the device. Fresh batteries or accumulator are used for power supply.
If you use a special auto-constructor, crafts can be very diverse. Assembly sequence:
- the frame is assembled first;
- the motor is attached and regulated;
- a power source is installed;
- an antenna with a radio unit is fixed;
- wheels are installed and adjusted.
Types of radio-controlled car models
Many homemade tricks are revealed in this video.
Electronic homemade products can make life more comfortable and save a lot of money. In addition, you can find use for old electrical appliances so that they do not gather dust in the pantry for no purpose. Useful DIY crafts are often better than factory-made products.
