Working with keyboard layouts in OS X. How to write the letter Y (and any other diacritical characters) on a poppy

Newly minted Mac owners tend to go into a stupor as soon as they start working with its keyboard. Finding the right punctuation marks in the Russian layout is not easy if you have been working with ordinary PCs all your life. The topic is especially relevant for those who bought a MacBook abroad and cannot use the Cyrillic symbols on the keys.

The problem is solved simply. We click on the icon of the language used and select the item "Open keyboard settings ..." in the drop-down menu:

A window will appear with suggested input sources. Click on the "+" button at the bottom left, and we will see a long list of available keyboard layouts. We select the section "Russian" and from the proposed options we stop at "Russian - PC". Click "Add":

Now we have two Russian layouts and one English one. We do not need the standard Russian layout, so we click on it, press "-" and as a result we get one English layout and one Russian:

As a result, we get the usual layout. But in some cases it happens that after all that has been done, one thing is missing - the letters " yo»: She is not in her usual place. If this is the case for you, see further instructions. The problem is solved by using a "custom" layout. You can either download it or make your own.

Step 1. Create a layout

To begin with, let's return "Russian" to the list of available layouts for a while. Then download free app Ukelele.

Along with the application, there are many ready-made layouts in the downloaded disk image. Copying files English.keylayout and English.icns from Ukelele_2.2.8/System Keyboards/Cyrillic to a convenient folder - for example, to a previously created ~/Documents/Keyboard/.

Files can be renamed, but always the same, so that only their extensions differ. I named them Russian_keys.

We open Russian_keys.keylayout using Ukelele. Before us is an almost perfect layout:

“Almost”, because the letter “yo” is not yet in its place. Double-click on the layout template key where we want to see "e", and enter it:

I note that separately you need to enter the capital letter "Ё" for the case of the Shift key held down. To do this, press and hold physical keyboard- and just as before, edit the template key. After that we choose File -> Save.

Step 2. Connecting the layout

Copy both created or downloaded files - layout and icon - to the folder /Library/Keyboard Layouts/.

Then we return to the input source selection menu, remove all Russian layouts from there and add a new one: select the “Other” section, where we find our long-awaited “Russian” layout. Everything, the usual layout is at our disposal!

Mac computers are very popular because they differ high quality and reliability. However, there are some features that are difficult for new users to get used to. Today we will tell How to put the letter E on a Mac keyboard.

What is the problem?

The problem is that Mac computers have a slightly different key layout than regular PC devices. This is due to a special layout that is only available on the Mac. In general, the change is not so strong. For example, all letters work in the same way, but the difference lies in the placement of commas, as well as the letter ё. And today you will learn what to do with it.

Where is this letter located?

It is worth understanding that on the keyboard of Apple computers, the e key does not disappear, it is simply moved to another place, which causes some inconvenience. It is located above the Enter button, in the form of a slash. With the Russian layout, this button causes not a slash, but the letter we need.

This is not always convenient, and it will be quite difficult for new users to get used to such innovations, so today we will talk about how to change these settings and customize them for yourself.

How to customize the layout?

In order to return to the normal keyboard layout, the user will need to go to the system settings. In them, you need to go to the "language and regions" item. It is at this point that you can customize the keyboard.

You will see a list of available languages ​​that you can add. The topmost language is the system language, while those below are used for text entry. In order to return the PC layout, you need to change the Russian language from the list to another.

The fact is that Mac computers have 2 versions of the Russian layout. The first is the regular version, which is the default for most users. It is on it that there are those keyboard changes that you cannot get used to.

In order to return the usual keyboard, you need to delete the existing Russian language, and select "Russian PC" in the list of languages. This is a special Russian layout that returns the keyboard familiar to everyone.

These parameters change not only the letter ё, but also some others mac hotkeys. For example, they change the way commas are written. Must be pressed first option key+ CTRL + comma or period. This is inconvenient because you have to press 3 buttons at the same time. The normal layout returns everything to its usual place.

The keyboard can also be configured more flexibly. There are a large number of programs that allow you to set the buttons to a different value. Thus, you can attach any value to any key. This allows you to comfortably adjust the set tool for yourself. However, you should be careful with such settings, since hot keys can also be changed in programs. If you change them, then you can then get confused in your changes. In general, hot keys on a computer help to work with the system much faster, so every experienced user needs to remember them.

Windows migrant newbies must be wondering why Macs have such an awkward keyboard layout. The comma is on the number 6, the dot is on the number 7, and the letter Y is not in the right place. Let's make the usual layout for PC.

By default, OS X offers us "its" Russian layout and English. How to switch keyboard layout on Mac OS X I hope you know - this is the Command + Space key combination.

But not everyone knows that on Macs it is possible to choose a PC layout. True, this option will still cause some inconvenience, since the comma and period are in place, but there is no letter Yo.

By the way, is this option right here? System settings? Language and text? Input sources and check the box for Russian - PC.

In general, let's combine all the necessary keyboard layouts on the same layout.

To do this, we need a utility called Ukelele, you can download it here.

Download, install, switch the layout to "Russian - PC" and run.

Immediately after starting the program, open the Ukelele menu? file? New from current input source

Thus, we will open the current PC layout and will “finish” it.

The period and comma, in principle, are conveniently located, but the letter “Yo” must be “put in place”.

We choose where we want it to be located. For example, in its "Makovsky" place, where the slash \.

Double-click on \ and enter the letter ё (copy and paste it from here). For the lower case, it's ready.

Now for uppercase, hold down Shift and double-click on \ again and insert the letter "Ё" in uppercase.

We figured out the letter "Yo", now we will transfer the "overwritten" slash \ to another place.

Hold down Option and click on the button where the letter Y is now located. Enter \.

Then we will do the same for the backslash /, while holding down the Option button, we click on the key with a dot (physically it is “?” or “/”).

That is, the slash \ - will be available by pressing Option + E, and the backslash / by pressing Option + "?".

Now it remains to change the name of the keyboard and save it. To change the name of the keyboard, go to the menu Ukelele ? keyboard? Set Keyboard Name and enter, for example, "Russian Mac PC".

Now press Command + Shift + S and save it under any name, anywhere.

And, finally, it remains to transfer it to the system folder so that Apple Mac OS X “sees” it. Let's go Macintosh HD? Users? Username? Libraries? Input Methods and paste the keyboard file into this folder.

That's all, if you are not satisfied with the layout icon, then you can easily change it. There is a folder with layout icons in .dmg of the program:

To change, go to the Ukelele menu? keyboard? Attach icon file and save. The file with the icon will be next to the layout file. Do not forget to put them in the Macintosh HD? Users? Username? Libraries? input methods.

Open the System Preferences app. To do this, open the Apple menu (the icon is located at the top of the screen and looks like an apple), or open the Applications folder, or open the Dock.

Find the "Enter" option. To do this, in the upper right corner of the "System Preferences" window in the search bar, enter "input" (or input). One or more options will be highlighted. Select one of the following options (if it is highlighted):

Click the Input Source tab. After opening the corresponding submenu, go to the "Input Source" tab. Depending on the version of OS X, a list of countries (with flags) and/or an image of your keyboard will be displayed.

Check the box next to "Show input menu in menu bar". This option is located at the bottom of the window. By checking this option, you will see that on the right side of the menu bar (at the top of the screen) a new icon will be displayed in the form of a flag or a black and white keyboard.

Displays the Symbol Browser. In the menu bar (top), click on the new icon and select Show Symbol Browser. A window will open with a large collection of symbols (similar to the emoji window mentioned in the previous section). Use this window as follows:

• Click on the category name in the left pane.
• Scroll the middle panel to find the symbol you want. To open variations of the selected symbol, click on it and scroll the right pane.
• Double click on a symbol to insert it into the text box. You can also drag the symbol into the text field, or right-click on the symbol, click "Copy symbol information" and paste it into the text field. In some outdated versions OS X, instead of the specified button, use the "Insert" button.

Displays the keyboard browser. In the menu bar (top), click on the new icon and select Show Keyboard Browser. An on-screen keyboard will open with characters that are not on your physical keyboard. For example, press the keys Option and/or ⇧ Shift and notice the change in keyboard layout.

• You can drag the on-screen keyboard anywhere on the screen. To resize the keyboard, click and drag any of its corners.

Enable other keyboard layouts (optional). If you enter text in different languages, return to the mentioned menu in the System Preferences window. Click + and view the available languages; select the desired language and click Add . Even if you don't work with multiple languages, some keyboard layouts may come in handy.

Switching between keyboard layouts. You can activate several keyboard layouts at once. To switch between them, use the icon in the menu bar (top), with which you displayed the character and keyboard browser. Select the keyboard layout you want from the dropdown list.

• You can also assign a keyboard shortcut to switch keyboard layouts. In the System Preferences window, in the search bar, type "keyboard shortcuts" (or shortcuts) and click on the highlighted menu. With the Keyboard Shortcuts window open, click on Input Source in the left pane and check the box next to Select Previous Input Source.

At first, the usual PageUp, PageDown, Home, End keys were missing, and in the early days it was inconvenient, but then, having comprehended the tao of the trackpad and tricky keyboard fingers, you get used to it.

The huge trackpad is really very easy to navigate. As usual, one finger moves the cursor. Next comes the magic of gestures. Two fingers smoothly scroll the page in all 4 directions - it's so convenient that I don't agree with the small trackpad and capturing narrow scrollbars on the PC. A 2-finger poke on the trackpad brings up a context menu similar to the one we are used to seeing in Windows when clicking the right mouse button. There are gestures with three and four fingers, I will not consider them here. You can assign custom functions to the corners of the screen - I tried it and turned it off after a couple of days, because they turned on from careless mouse movements and rather interfered with me.

Here are some commonly used hotkeys:

⌘+Space - switching Russian-English (default)

⌘+Q - close the application

⌘+W - close the active window

Ctrl + Space - activation of the Spotlight search bar (global search for files and their contents)

⌘+F - Search (in those applications where it is supported)

⌘+▴ (up arrow) - Home

⌘+▾ (down arrow) - End

Fn+▴ - PageUp

Fn+▾- PageDown

You will find a comma and a period in the Russian layout under the numbers 6 and 7, while holding Shift.

Letter "e" - key "\" (above enter)

shift+2 - "
shift+5 - :
shift+6 - ,
shift+7 - .
shift+8 - ;

alt+command+eject - sleep mode;
control+shift+eject - turn off the display (turn off the screen)

Command + Shift + 3

This OS X keyboard shortcut to create full screen screenshot and save it as a PNG file on your desktop. The name of the image is formed by the date and time the screenshot was taken.

Command + Shift + 4

The second combination allows you to do screenshot of the selected part of the screen. To do this, a pointer appears in the form of a sight with coordinates. After you have selected the area and released the mouse, the finished image is saved on the desktop.

Command + Shift + 4 + Space

If you do not select the screen, but press the spacebar, then the crosshair will change to the camera icon and you will go to window photo mode. Now just hover over any window and take a screenshot.

If you hold Control while taking a screenshot in OS X, the image will not appear on the desktop, but will go to the clipboard. This is useful for working with temporary images that need post-processing.

And there are dozens of such combinations. And if we talk about various applications, then there will be much more of them.

Name	Symbol	Key combination
Apple logo		Shift+Alt+K
Copyright sign		Alt+G
Trademark	™	Alt+2
Registered trademark	®	Alt+R
Dollar	$	you yourself know Shift + 4
Cent	¢	Alt+4
Euro	€	Shift+Alt+2
GBP	£	Alt+3
Japanese yen	¥	Alt+Y
Dash	-	Alt+-(minus sign)
Em dash	—	Shift+Alt+-(minus sign)
ellipsis	…	Alt+; (or three dots)
Mathematical Symbols:
More or equal	≥	Alt+.
Less or equal	≤	Alt+,
Approximately	≈	Alt+X
Not equal	≠	Alt+=
Division	÷	Alt+/
plus/minus	±	Shift+Alt+=
Infinity	∞	Alt+5
Square root	√	Alt+V
Sum	∑	Alt+W
Pi	π	Alt+P
Degree	°	Shift+Alt+8

Useful to include virtual keyboard from the language menu and look at it by pressing alt.

For writing texts Spanish, German and other French no need to set a special layout.
For example, Alt-e a = á, Alt e e = é, Alt-n n = ñ, Alt-u o = ö. (You need to hold down alt and press "e", then release both keys and press the desired letter that you want to put a sign on). And so on. The American layout has all sorts of diacritics.

á -> Opt+E, A

e -> Opt+E, E